<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv=Content-Type>
<META name=GENERATOR content="MSHTML 8.00.6001.18876">
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<TABLE class=contentpaneopen>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD class=contentheading width="100%">What the Popes Have to Say About
Socialism </TD>
<TD class=buttonheading width="100%" align=right><A title=Print
onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;"
href="http://www.tfp.org/slideshow/slideshow/what-the-popes-have-to-say-about-socialism/print.html"
rel=nofollow><IMG alt=Print
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/M_images/printButton.png"></A> </TD>
<TD class=buttonheading width="100%" align=right><A title=E-mail
onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','width=400,height=350,menubar=yes,resizable=yes'); return false;"
href="http://www.tfp.org/component/option,com_mailto/link,aHR0cDovL3d3dy50ZnAub3JnL3NsaWRlc2hvdy9zbGlkZXNob3cvd2hhdC10aGUtcG9wZXMtaGF2ZS10by1zYXktYWJvdXQtc29jaWFsaXNtLmh0bWw=/tmpl,component/"><IMG
alt=E-mail src="http://www.tfp.org/images/M_images/emailButton.png"></A>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<TABLE class=contentpaneopen>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top><SPAN class=small>Written by Gustavo Solimeo
</SPAN> </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD class=createdate vAlign=top>Wednesday, 24 February 2010 15:13 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT><!-- AddThis Button BEGIN -->
<SCRIPT type=text/javascript>
var addthis_pub = 'traditionfamilyproperty';
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT type=text/javascript
src="http://s7.addthis.com/js/200/addthis_widget.js"></SCRIPT>
<!-- AddThis Button END --></DIV>
<DIV><BR>Anyone who examines the ideology of socialism will see the
<SPAN><SPAN>contrast between the socialist doctrine and the doctrine of
the Church.<BR><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN>All the same, it is not out of
place to review the condemnation of the popes starting with Pius IX and
ending with Benedict XVI. Thus, we present what the popes have to say
about socialism as they condemn</SPAN><SPAN> the socialist doctrine
thoroughly and entirely. This is not a </SPAN><SPAN>comprehensive
compilation, but just some samples.</SPAN></DIV>
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 115px; HEIGHT: 128px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Pius_IX.jpg align=left
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Pius_IX.jpg"
width=101 height=125></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR></SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV><SPAN><BR><BR></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><B>PIUS IX </B>(1846-1878):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>“Overthrow [of] the entire order of human
affairs”</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“<SPAN>You are aware indeed, that the goal
of this most iniquitous plot is to drive people to overthrow the entire
order of human affairs and to draw them over to the wicked theories of
this</SPAN> <I><SPAN>Socialism</SPAN></I> <SPAN>and</SPAN> <I><SPAN>Communism</SPAN></I>,
by confusing them with perverted teachings.<SPAN>” (Encyclical <I>Nostis
et Nobiscum, </I>December 8, 1849)</SPAN><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><B>LEO XIII</B> (1878-1903):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Hideous
monster</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“...<SPAN>communism, socialism, nihilism,
hideous deformities of the civil society of men and almost its
ruin.</SPAN>” (Encyclical <I>Diuturnum</I>, June 29, 1881)<BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Ruin of all
institutions</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“... For, the fear of God and reverence
for divine laws being taken away, the authority of rulers despised,
sedition permitted and approved, and the popular passions urged on to
lawlessness, with no restraint save that of punishment, a change and
overthrow of all things will necessarily follow. Yea, this change and
overthrow is deliberately planned and put forward by many associations of
communists and socialists” (Encyclical <I>Humanum Genus</I>, April 20,
1884, n. 27).<BR><BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>A sect “that threatens civil society with
destruction”</B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=200 align=right>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Leo_XIII.jpg align=right
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Leo_XIII.jpg"
width=200 height=292></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Leo XIII (1877-1903): Socialists assail
the right of property sanctioned by natural
law.</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><B><BR></B>“…We speak of that sect of men
who, under various and almost barbarous names, are called socialists,
communists, or nihilists, and who, spread over all the world, and bound
together by the closest ties in a wicked confederacy, no longer seek the
shelter of secret meetings, but, openly and boldly marching forth in the
light of day, strive to bring to a head what<SPAN> they have long
been planning - the overthrow of all civil society whatsoever. Surely,
these are they who, as the sacred Scriptures testify, <I>‘Defile the
flesh, despise dominion and blaspheme majesty.’</I> (Jud. 8).” (Encyclical
<I>Quod Apostolici Muneris, </I>December 28, 1878, n.
1)</SPAN><BR><BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Socialists debase the natural union of man
and woman and assail the right of
property</B></SPAN></SPAN><B><BR></B>“They [socialists, communists, or
nihilists] debase the natural union of man and woman, which is held sacred
even among barbarous peoples; and its bond, by which the family is chiefly
held together, they weaken, or even deliver up to lust. Lured, in fine, by
the greed of present goods, which is ‘the root of all evils, which some
coveting have erred from the faith’ (1 Tim. 6:10.3), they assail the right
of property sanctioned by natural law; and by a scheme of horrible
wickedness, while they seem desirous of caring for the needs and
satisfying the desires of all men, they strive to seize and hold in common
whatever has been acquired either by title of lawful inheritance, or by
labor of brain and hands, or by thrift in one's mode of life.” (Encyclical
<I>Quod Apostolici Muneris, </I>December 28, 1878, n. 1)<BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Destructive
sect</B></SPAN></SPAN><B><BR></B>“...<I>socialists</I><SPAN> and
members of other seditious societies, who labor unceasingly to destroy the
State even to its foundations.” (Encyclical <I>Libertas
Praestantissimum</I>, June 20, 1888)</SPAN><BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Enemy of
society and of Religion</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“...t<SPAN>here is need for a
union of brave minds with all the resources they can command. The harvest
of misery is before our eyes, and the dreadful projects of the most
disastrous national upheavals are threatening us from the growing power of
the socialistic movement. They have insidiously worked their way into the
very heart of the community, and in the darkness of their secret
gatherings, and in the open light of day, in their writings and their
harangues, they are urging the masses onward to sedition; they fling aside
religious discipline; they scorn duties; they clamor only for rights; they
are working incessantly on the multitudes of the needy which daily grow
greater, and which, because of their poverty are easily deluded and led
into error. It is equally the concern of the State and of religion, and
all good men </SPAN></DIV>
<TABLE border=0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=260 align=right
height=440>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Pius_X.png align=right
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Pius_X.png"
width=269 height=400></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Saint Pius X (1903-1914)
</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN>should deem it a sacred duty to
preserve and guard both in the honor which is their due.” (Encyclical
<I>Graves de Communi Re</I>, January 18, 1901, n.
21)</SPAN><BR><B><BR></B></DIV>
<DIV><B>SAINT PIUS X</B> (1903-1914):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>The dream of </B><B>re-shaping society will
bring socialism<BR></B></SPAN></SPAN>“But stranger still, alarming and
saddening at the same time, are the audacity and frivolity of men who call
themselves Catholics and dream of re-shaping society under such
conditions, and of establishing on earth, over and beyond the pale of the
Catholic Church, ‘the reign of love and justice’ ... What are they going
to produce? ... A mere verbal and chimerical construction in which we
shall see, glowing in a jumble, and in seductive confusion, the words
Liberty, Justice, Fraternity, Love, Equality, and human exultation, all
resting upon an ill-understood human dignity. It will be a tumultuous
agitation, sterile for the end proposed, but which will benefit the less
Utopian exploiters of the people. Yes, we can truly say that the
<I>Sillon</I>, its eyes fixed on a chimera, brings Socialism in its
train.” (Apostolic Letter <I>Notre Charge Apostolique</I> ["Our Apostolic
Mandate"] to the French Bishops, August 15, 1910, condemning the movement
<I>Le Sillon</I>)<BR><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN>
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 143px; HEIGHT: 163px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Benedict_XV.jpg align=left
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Benedict_XV.jpg"
width=129 height=150></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Benedict
XV</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>BENEDICT XV
(</SPAN>1914-1922):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The condemnation of socialism should never be
forgotten</SPAN></SPAN></B><BR>“It is not our intention here to repeat the
arguments which clearly expose the errors of Socialism and of similar
doctrines. Our predecessor, Leo XIII, most wisely did so in truly
memorable Encyclicals; and you, Venerable Brethren, will take the greatest
care that those grave precepts are never forgotten, but that whenever
circumstances call for it, they should be clearly expounded and inculcated
in Catholic associations and congresses, in sermons and in the Catholic
press.” (Encyclical <I>Ad Beatissimi Apostolorum</I>, November 1, 1914, n.
13)</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><B><SPAN>PIUS XI</SPAN></B><SPAN> (1922-1939):
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 135px; HEIGHT: 287px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 align=right>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Pius_XI_1922.jpg align=right
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Pius_XI_1922.jpg"
width=150 height=250></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Pius XI (1922-1939): "No one can be at
the same time a good Catholic and a true
socialist."</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Socialism, fundamentally contrary to
Christian truth</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“... For Socialism, which could then
be termed almost a single system and which maintained definite teachings
reduced into one body of doctrine, has since then split chiefly into two
sections, often opposing each other and even bitterly hostile, without
either one however abandoning a position fundamentally contrary to
Christian truth that was characteristic of Socialism.” (Encyclical
<I>Quadragesimo Anno</I>, May 15, 1931, n. 111)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Socialism cannot be reconciled with Catholic
Doctrine</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“<SPAN>But what if Socialism has really been
so tempered and modified as to the class struggle and private ownership
that there is in it no longer anything to be censured on these points? Has
it thereby renounced its contradictory nature to the Christian religion?
This is the question that holds many minds in suspense. And numerous are
the Catholics who, although they clearly understand that Christian
principles can never be abandoned or diminished seem to turn their eyes to
the Holy See and earnestly beseech Us to decide whether this form of
Socialism has so far recovered from false doctrines that it can be
accepted without the sacrifice of any Christian principle and in a certain
sense be baptized. That We, in keeping with Our fatherly solicitude, may
answer their petitions, We make this pronouncement: Whether considered as
a doctrine, or an historical fact, or a movement, <B>Socialism, if it
remains truly Socialism</B>, even after it has yielded to truth and
justice on the points which we have mentioned<B>, cannot be reconciled
with the teachings of the Catholic Church because its concept of society
itself is utterly foreign to Christian truth.”</B> (<I>Ibid</I>. n.
117)<BR><BR></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Catholic Socialism, a
contradiction</B></SPAN></SPAN><B><BR></B>“[Socialism] is based
nevertheless on a theory of human society peculiar to itself and
irreconcilable with true Christianity. Religious socialism, Christian
socialism, are contradictory terms; no one can be at the same time a good
Catholic and a true socialist.” (<I><SPAN>Ibid</SPAN></I>. n. 120)
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 59px; HEIGHT: 154px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 width=59 align=right>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Pius_XII_sedia_gestatoria.jpg align=right
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Pius_XII_sedia_gestatoria.jpg"
width=95 height=130></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Pius
XII</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><B>PIUS XII</B> (1939-1958):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>The state can not be regarded as being above
all</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>"To consider the State as something ultimate to
which everything else should be subordinated and directed, cannot fail to
harm the true and lasting prosperity of nations." (Encyclical <I>Summi
Pontificatus</I>, October 20, 1939, n. 60)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV><B>
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 146px; HEIGHT: 171px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 width=146 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_John_XXIII.jpg align=left
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_John_XXIII.jpg"
width=151 height=151></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">John
XXIII</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>JOHN XXIII
</B>(1958-1963):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 80px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>“No Catholic could subscribe even to
moderate socialism”</B></SPAN></SPAN><B><BR></B>“Pope Pius XI further
emphasized the fundamental opposition between Communism and Christianity,
and made it clear that no Catholic could subscribe even to moderate
Socialism. The reason is that Socialism is founded on a doctrine of human
society which is bounded by time and takes no account of any objective
other than that of material well-being. Since, therefore, it proposes a
form of social organization which aims solely at production, it places too
severe a restraint on human liberty, at the same time flouting the true
notion of social authority.” (Encyclical <I>Mater et Magistra</I>, May 15,
1961, n. 34)
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 106px; HEIGHT: 110px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 width=106 align=right>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG style="WIDTH: 87px; HEIGHT: 133px" alt=Pope_Paul_VI.jpg
align=baseline
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Paul_VI.jpg"></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Paul
VI</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><B>PAUL VI </B>(1963-1978):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Too often Christians tend to idealize
socialism</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR><SPAN>“Too often Christians attracted by
socialism tend to idealize it in terms which, apart from anything else,
are very general: a will for justice, solidarity and equality. They refuse
to recognize the limitations of the historical socialist movements, which
remain conditioned by the ideologies from which they originated.”
</SPAN>(Apostolic Letter<I> Octogesima Adveniens</I><B>, </B>May 14, 1971,
n. 31)<BR> </DIV>
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 119px; HEIGHT: 243px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 width=119 align=left>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_John_Paul_II.jpg align=left
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_John_Paul_II.jpg"
width=135 height=219></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11px">John Paul II
(1978-2005)</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<DIV><B>JOHN PAUL II</B> (1978-2005):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Socialism: Danger of a “simple and radical
solution”</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“It may seem surprising that ‘socialism’
appeared at the beginning of the Pope's critique of solutions to the
‘question of the working class’ at a time when ‘socialism’ was not yet in
the form of a strong and powerful State, with all the resources which that
implies, as was later to happen. However, he correctly judged the danger
posed to the masses by the attractive presentation of this simple and
radical solution to the ‘question of the working class.’" (Encyclical
<I><SPAN>Centesimus Annus</SPAN></I> − On the 100<SUP>th</SUP> anniversary
of Pope Leo XIII's <I>Rerum Novarum,</I> May 1, 1991, n. 12)<BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>Fundamental
error of socialism: A mistaken conception of the
person</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>“Continuing our reflections, ... we have to
add that the fundamental error of socialism is anthropological in nature.
Socialism considers the individual person simply as an element, a molecule
within the social organism, so that the good of the individual is
completely subordinated to the functioning of the socio-economic
mechanism. Socialism likewise maintains that the good of the individual
can be realized without reference to his free choice, to the unique and
exclusive responsibility which he exercises in the face of good or evil.
Man is thus reduced to a series of social relationships, and the concept
of the person as the autonomous subject of moral decision disappears, the
very subject whose decisions build the social order. From this mistaken
conception of the person there arise both a distortion of law, which
defines the sphere of the exercise of freedom, and an opposition to
private property.” (Ibid, n. 13)<BR> </DIV>
<DIV><B>BENEDICT XVI </B>(2005 - present):</DIV>
<DIV style="MARGIN-LEFT: 40px"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B>“We do not need a State which regulates and
controls everything”</B></SPAN></SPAN><BR>
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 111px; HEIGHT: 131px" border=0 cellSpacing=0
cellPadding=5 align=right>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD><IMG border=0 alt=Pope_Benedict_XVI_WDC.jpg align=right
src="http://www.tfp.org/images/stories/2010/Pope_Benedict_XVI_WDC.jpg"
width=97 height=122></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: right"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Benedict
XVI</SPAN></SPAN></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>“The State which would provide
everything, absorbing everything into itself, would ultimately become a
mere bureaucracy incapable of guaranteeing the very thing which the
suffering person − every person − needs: namely, loving personal concern.
We do not need a State which regulates and controls everything, but a
State which, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, generously
acknowledges and supports initiatives arising from the different social
forces and combines spontaneity with closeness to those in need. … In the
end, the claim that just social structures would make works of charity
superfluous masks a materialist conception of man: the mistaken notion
that man can live ‘by bread alone’ (Mt 4:4; cf. Dt 8:3) − a conviction
that demeans man and ultimately disregards all that is specifically
human.” (Encyclical <I>Deus Caritas Est,</I> December 25, 2005, n.
28<SPAN>)</SPAN></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B><FONT
size=5></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B><FONT size=4>Socialism cannot be reconciled with
Catholic Doctrine</FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><FONT size=4>PIUS
XI</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12px"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><B><FONT
size=6></FONT></B></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV></BODY></HTML>